30% off. Use code SUMMERSALE30 at checkout for 30% off for 12 months on Plus, Pro and Premium subscriptions. Subscribe now
United States

Premium Standard Farms Inc (PORK)

Track

Stock chart
Ticker: PORK
Preparing chart...
Download chart Copy chart image Copy link Share to X Share


Subscribe to get access to the transaction volume chart and in-chart transaction details
• Purchase • Sale • Planned purchase • Planned sale Net purchase Net sale Activity signal Earnings
Top insiders
Trades
LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A
EVP, CFO and Treasurer
1 sale — total 44,332 USD
Planned sale 3 Apr 2007
Value US$3,463,209.69 | Price 16.99 | Shares 99,388
Planned sale 3 Apr 2007
Value US$1,052,516.15 | Price 111.31 | Shares 18,842
Planned sale 3 Apr 2007
Value US$15,267.46 | Price 21.63 | Shares 706
Planned sale 3 Apr 2007
Value US$64,119.01 | Price 21.63 | Shares 2,965
Planned sale 3 Apr 2007
Value US$17,019.11 | Price 21.63 | Shares 787
Planned sale 3 Apr 2007
Value US$67,146.56 | Price 21.63 | Shares 3,105
Planned sale 2 Apr 2007
Value US$59,839.36 | Price 21.45 | Shares 2,790
Planned sale 2 Apr 2007
Value US$32,793.69 | Price 21.45 | Shares 1,529
Planned sale 2 Apr 2007
Value US$20,611.34 | Price 21.45 | Shares 961
Planned sale 2 Apr 2007
Value US$86,541.87 | Price 21.45 | Shares 4,035
Planned sale 2 Apr 2007
Value US$22,970.59 | Price 21.45 | Shares 1,071
Planned sale 2 Apr 2007
Value US$90,574.06 | Price 21.45 | Shares 4,223
Planned sale 1 Dec 2006
Value US$7,888.30 | Price 19.10 | Shares 413
Planned sale 1 Nov 2006
Value US$7,918.64 | Price 19.22 | Shares 412
Planned sale 2 Oct 2006
Value US$7,860.96 | Price 19.08 | Shares 412
Planned sale 1 Sep 2006
Value US$6,971.04 | Price 16.92 | Shares 412
Planned sale 1 Aug 2006
Value US$7,019.88 | Price 17.08 | Shares 411
Planned sale 11 Jul 2006
Value US$714.00 | Price 17.00 | Shares 42
Planned sale 10 Jul 2006
Value US$3,400.00 | Price 17.00 | Shares 200
Planned sale 3 Jul 2006
Value US$6,641.76 | Price 16.16 | Shares 411
Planned sale 19 Jun 2006
Value US$5,830.80 | Price 14.58 | Shares 400
Planned sale 19 Jun 2006
Value US$3,877.48 | Price 14.58 | Shares 266
Planned sale 19 Jun 2006
Value US$25,597.21 | Price 14.58 | Shares 1,756
Planned sale 19 Jun 2006
Value US$6,559.65 | Price 14.58 | Shares 450
Planned sale 19 Jun 2006
Value US$10,684.94 | Price 14.58 | Shares 733
Sale 6 Jun 2006
Value US$65,000,000.00 | Price 16.25 | Shares 4,000,000
Sale 6 Jun 2006
Value US$65,000,000.00 | Price 16.25 | Shares 4,000,000
Planned sale 1 Jun 2006
Value US$5,713.20 | Price 16.56 | Shares 345
Planned sale 1 May 2006
Value US$5,744.25 | Price 16.65 | Shares 345
Planned sale 3 Apr 2006
Value US$6,054.75 | Price 17.55 | Shares 345
Planned sale 31 Mar 2006
Value US$28,511.68 | Price 17.41 | Shares 1,638
Planned sale 31 Mar 2006
Value US$24,995.59 | Price 17.41 | Shares 1,436
Planned sale 31 Mar 2006
Value US$61,340.15 | Price 17.41 | Shares 3,524
Planned sale 31 Mar 2006
Value US$54,046.87 | Price 17.41 | Shares 3,105
Planned sale 31 Mar 2006
Value US$104,490.62 | Price 17.41 | Shares 6,003
Planned sale 31 Mar 2006
Value US$30,269.73 | Price 17.41 | Shares 1,739
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$3,376.00 | Price 16.88 | Shares 200
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$3,366.00 | Price 16.83 | Shares 200
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$10,071.00 | Price 16.79 | Shares 600
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$3,352.00 | Price 16.76 | Shares 200
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$6,700.00 | Price 16.75 | Shares 400
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$26,784.00 | Price 16.74 | Shares 1,600
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$3,346.00 | Price 16.73 | Shares 200
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$4,999.28 | Price 16.72 | Shares 299
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$5,013.00 | Price 16.71 | Shares 300
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$11,690.00 | Price 16.70 | Shares 700
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$1,669.00 | Price 16.69 | Shares 100
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$5,004.00 | Price 16.68 | Shares 300
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$30,022.67 | Price 16.67 | Shares 1,801
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$21,658.00 | Price 16.66 | Shares 1,300
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$6,660.00 | Price 16.65 | Shares 400
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$14,976.00 | Price 16.64 | Shares 900
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$4,989.00 | Price 16.63 | Shares 300
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$14,958.00 | Price 16.62 | Shares 900
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$7,109.08 | Price 16.61 | Shares 428
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$6,640.00 | Price 16.60 | Shares 400
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$15,760.50 | Price 16.59 | Shares 950
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$13,264.00 | Price 16.58 | Shares 800
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$4,971.00 | Price 16.57 | Shares 300
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$3,312.00 | Price 16.56 | Shares 200
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$6,620.00 | Price 16.55 | Shares 400
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$19,384.88 | Price 16.54 | Shares 1,172
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$8,231.94 | Price 16.53 | Shares 498
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$11,597.04 | Price 16.52 | Shares 702
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$3,714.75 | Price 16.51 | Shares 225
Planned sale 13 Mar 2006
Value US$24,337.50 | Price 16.50 | Shares 1,475
Sale 13 Dec 2005
Value US$8,250.00 | Price 16.50 | Shares 500
Sale 25 Nov 2005
Value US$85,051.48 | Price 16.92 | Shares 5,026
Sale 25 Nov 2005
Value US$15,043.92 | Price 16.92 | Shares 889
Sale 25 Nov 2005
Value US$52,797.58 | Price 16.92 | Shares 3,120
Sale 23 Nov 2005
Value US$246,248.32 | Price 16.64 | Shares 14,800
Sale 23 Nov 2005
Value US$73,208.96 | Price 16.64 | Shares 4,400
Sale 23 Nov 2005
Value US$346,078.72 | Price 16.64 | Shares 20,800
Sale 22 Nov 2005
Value US$121,711.50 | Price 16.45 | Shares 7,400
Sale 22 Nov 2005
Value US$36,184.50 | Price 16.45 | Shares 2,200
Abbreviations B: Buy, S: Sell, PP: Planned purchase, PlS: Planned sale, PrS: Proposed sale, O: Option / Other
Notification date Transaction date B/S Transaction type Insider and/or position Nb. shares
Price
Value 		Number of shares Price Value Details
2007-04-03 2007-04-03 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
99,388 +49.1%
16.99
US$3,463,210 		99,388 +49.1% 16.99 US$3,463,210
2007-04-03 2007-04-03 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
18,842 +38.6%
111.31
US$1,052,516 		18,842 +38.6% 111.31 US$1,052,516
2007-04-03 2007-04-03 PlS Planned sale RIPPE DENNIS D

Vice President and Controller

Officer
42,460 +9.5%
205.87
US$2,349,166 		42,460 +9.5% 205.87 US$2,349,166
2007-04-03 2007-04-03 PlS Planned sale HELD CALVIN R

VP Processing Operations

Officer
2,965 -9.0%
21.63
US$64,119 		2,965 -9.0% 21.63 US$64,119
2007-04-03 2007-04-03 PlS Planned sale SCHULTE GERARD J

General Counsel

Officer
787 -6.8%
21.63
US$17,019 		787 -6.8% 21.63 US$17,019
2007-04-03 2007-04-03 PlS Planned sale MEYER JOHN M

Chief Executive Officer

Executive Director
3,105 -1.8%
21.63
US$67,147 		3,105 -1.8% 21.63 US$67,147
2007-04-03 2007-04-02 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
2,790 -3.1%
21.45
US$59,839 		2,790 -3.1% 21.45 US$59,839
2007-04-03 2007-04-02 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
1,529 -12.1%
21.45
US$32,794 		1,529 -12.1% 21.45 US$32,794
2007-04-03 2007-04-02 PlS Planned sale RIPPE DENNIS D

Vice President and Controller

Officer
961 -8.7%
21.45
US$20,611 		961 -8.7% 21.45 US$20,611
2007-04-03 2007-04-02 PlS Planned sale HELD CALVIN R

VP Processing Operations

Officer
4,035 -10.9%
21.45
US$86,542 		4,035 -10.9% 21.45 US$86,542
2007-04-03 2007-04-02 PlS Planned sale SCHULTE GERARD J

General Counsel

Officer
1,071 -8.5%
21.45
US$22,971 		1,071 -8.5% 21.45 US$22,971
2007-04-03 2007-04-02 PlS Planned sale MEYER JOHN M

Chief Executive Officer

Executive Director
4,223 -2.4%
21.45
US$90,574 		4,223 -2.4% 21.45 US$90,574
2006-12-04 2006-12-01 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
413 -3.2%
19.10
US$7,888 		413 -3.2% 19.10 US$7,888
2006-11-01 2006-11-01 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
412 -3.1%
19.22
US$7,919 		412 -3.1% 19.22 US$7,919
2006-10-03 2006-10-02 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
412 -3.0%
19.08
US$7,861 		412 -3.0% 19.08 US$7,861
2006-09-05 2006-09-01 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
412 -2.9%
16.92
US$6,971 		412 -2.9% 16.92 US$6,971
2006-08-03 2006-08-01 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
411 -2.8%
17.08
US$7,020 		411 -2.8% 17.08 US$7,020
2006-07-11 2006-07-11 PlS Planned sale RIPPE DENNIS D

Vice President and Controller

Officer
42 -0.4%
17.00
US$714 		42 -0.4% 17.00 US$714
2006-07-11 2006-07-10 PlS Planned sale RIPPE DENNIS D

Vice President and Controller

Officer
200 -1.8%
17.00
US$3,400 		200 -1.8% 17.00 US$3,400
2006-07-06 2006-07-03 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
411 -2.7%
16.16
US$6,642 		411 -2.7% 16.16 US$6,642
2006-06-20 2006-06-19 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
400 -3.1%
14.58
US$5,831 		400 -3.1% 14.58 US$5,831
2006-06-20 2006-06-19 PlS Planned sale SCHULTE GERARD J

Vice President and Controller

Officer
266 -2.5%
14.58
US$3,877 		266 -2.5% 14.58 US$3,877
2006-06-20 2006-06-19 PlS Planned sale MEYER JOHN M

Chief Executive Officer

Officer
1,756 -1.0%
14.58
US$25,597 		1,756 -1.0% 14.58 US$25,597
2006-06-20 2006-06-19 PlS Planned sale HELD CALVIN R

VP Processing Operations

Officer
450 -1.3%
14.58
US$6,560 		450 -1.3% 14.58 US$6,560
2006-06-20 2006-06-19 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
733 -0.9%
14.58
US$10,685 		733 -0.9% 14.58 US$10,685
2006-06-08 2006-06-06 S Sale CONTIGROUP COMPANIES, INC. Large shareholder
4,000,000 -24.3%
16.25
US$65,000,000 		4,000,000 -24.3% 16.25 US$65,000,000
2006-06-08 2006-06-06 S Sale FRIBOURG PAUL J Non-Executive Director Large shareholder
4,000,000 -24.3%
16.25
US$65,000,000 		4,000,000 -24.3% 16.25 US$65,000,000
2006-06-02 2006-06-01 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
345 -2.6%
16.56
US$5,713 		345 -2.6% 16.56 US$5,713
2006-05-02 2006-05-01 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
345 -2.5%
16.65
US$5,744 		345 -2.5% 16.65 US$5,744
2006-04-05 2006-04-03 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
345 -2.5%
17.55
US$6,055 		345 -2.5% 17.55 US$6,055
2006-04-04 2006-03-31 PlS Planned sale RIPPE DENNIS D

Vice President and Controller

Officer
1,638 -14.9%
17.41
US$28,512 		1,638 -14.9% 17.41 US$28,512
2006-04-04 2006-03-31 PlS Planned sale HELD CALVIN R

VP Processing Operations

Officer
1,436 -4.0%
17.41
US$24,996 		1,436 -4.0% 17.41 US$24,996
2006-04-04 2006-03-31 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
3,524 -4.0%
17.41
US$61,340 		3,524 -4.0% 17.41 US$61,340
2006-04-04 2006-03-31 PlS Planned sale MORRIS RICHARD L

VP Sales and Marketing

Officer
3,105 -18.3%
17.41
US$54,047 		3,105 -18.3% 17.41 US$54,047
2006-04-04 2006-03-31 PlS Planned sale MEYER JOHN M

Chief Executive Officer

Officer
6,003 -3.4%
17.41
US$104,491 		6,003 -3.4% 17.41 US$104,491
2006-04-04 2006-03-31 PlS Planned sale SCHULTE GERARD J

Vice President and Controller

Officer
1,739 -14.1%
17.41
US$30,270 		1,739 -14.1% 17.41 US$30,270
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
200 -0.2%
16.88
US$3,376 		200 -0.2% 16.88 US$3,376
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
200 -0.2%
16.83
US$3,366 		200 -0.2% 16.83 US$3,366
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
600 -0.7%
16.79
US$10,071 		600 -0.7% 16.79 US$10,071
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
200 -0.2%
16.76
US$3,352 		200 -0.2% 16.76 US$3,352
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
400 -0.4%
16.75
US$6,700 		400 -0.4% 16.75 US$6,700
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
1,600 -1.8%
16.74
US$26,784 		1,600 -1.8% 16.74 US$26,784
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
200 -0.2%
16.73
US$3,346 		200 -0.2% 16.73 US$3,346
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
299 -0.3%
16.72
US$4,999 		299 -0.3% 16.72 US$4,999
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
300 -0.3%
16.71
US$5,013 		300 -0.3% 16.71 US$5,013
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
700 -0.8%
16.70
US$11,690 		700 -0.8% 16.70 US$11,690
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
100 -0.1%
16.69
US$1,669 		100 -0.1% 16.69 US$1,669
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
300 -0.3%
16.68
US$5,004 		300 -0.3% 16.68 US$5,004
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
1,801 -1.9%
16.67
US$30,023 		1,801 -1.9% 16.67 US$30,023
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
1,300 -1.4%
16.66
US$21,658 		1,300 -1.4% 16.66 US$21,658
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
400 -0.4%
16.65
US$6,660 		400 -0.4% 16.65 US$6,660
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
900 -0.9%
16.64
US$14,976 		900 -0.9% 16.64 US$14,976
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
300 -0.3%
16.63
US$4,989 		300 -0.3% 16.63 US$4,989
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
900 -0.9%
16.62
US$14,958 		900 -0.9% 16.62 US$14,958
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
428 -0.4%
16.61
US$7,109 		428 -0.4% 16.61 US$7,109
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
400 -0.4%
16.60
US$6,640 		400 -0.4% 16.60 US$6,640
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
950 -1.0%
16.59
US$15,760 		950 -1.0% 16.59 US$15,760
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
800 -0.8%
16.58
US$13,264 		800 -0.8% 16.58 US$13,264
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
300 -0.3%
16.57
US$4,971 		300 -0.3% 16.57 US$4,971
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
200 -0.2%
16.56
US$3,312 		200 -0.2% 16.56 US$3,312
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
400 -0.4%
16.55
US$6,620 		400 -0.4% 16.55 US$6,620
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
1,172 -1.1%
16.54
US$19,385 		1,172 -1.1% 16.54 US$19,385
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
498 -0.5%
16.53
US$8,232 		498 -0.5% 16.53 US$8,232
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
702 -0.7%
16.52
US$11,597 		702 -0.7% 16.52 US$11,597
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
225 -0.2%
16.51
US$3,715 		225 -0.2% 16.51 US$3,715
2006-03-15 2006-03-13 PlS Planned sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

EVP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
1,475 -1.4%
16.50
US$24,338 		1,475 -1.4% 16.50 US$24,338
2005-12-15 2005-12-13 S Sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

Exec. VP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
500 -0.5%
16.50
US$8,250 		500 -0.5% 16.50 US$8,250
2005-11-29 2005-11-25 S Sale MEYER JOHN M

Chief Executive Officer

Officer
5,026 -2.8%
16.92
US$85,051 		5,026 -2.8% 16.92 US$85,051
2005-11-29 2005-11-25 S Sale HELD CALVIN R

VP Processing Operations

Officer
889 -2.4%
16.92
US$15,044 		889 -2.4% 16.92 US$15,044
2005-11-29 2005-11-25 S Sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

Exec. VP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
3,120 -2.9%
16.92
US$52,798 		3,120 -2.9% 16.92 US$52,798
2005-11-25 2005-11-23 S Sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

Exec. VP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
14,800 -11.9%
16.64
US$246,248 		14,800 -11.9% 16.64 US$246,248
2005-11-25 2005-11-23 S Sale HELD CALVIN R

VP Processing Operations

Officer
4,400 -10.6%
16.64
US$73,209 		4,400 -10.6% 16.64 US$73,209
2005-11-25 2005-11-23 S Sale MEYER JOHN M

Chief Executive Officer

Officer
20,800 -10.3%
16.64
US$346,079 		20,800 -10.3% 16.64 US$346,079
2005-11-25 2005-11-22 S Sale LIGHTSTONE STEPHEN A

Exec. VP, CFO and Treasurer

Officer
7,400 -5.6%
16.45
US$121,712 		7,400 -5.6% 16.45 US$121,712
2005-11-25 2005-11-22 S Sale HELD CALVIN R

VP Processing Operations

Officer
2,200 -5.0%
16.45
US$36,184 		2,200 -5.0% 16.45 US$36,184
Explore more

More insider trading research around Premium Standard Farms Inc

More insider trades in United States
Insider trading in North America